Phonemic vowel length exists in Lhasa Tibetan but in a restricted set of circumstances. Sources vary on whether the phone (resulting from /e/ in a closed syllable) and the phone (resulting from /a/ through the i-mutation) are distinct or basically identical. This process can result in minimal pairs involving sounds that are otherwise allophones. For instance, zhabs (foot) is pronounced and pad (borrowing from Sanskrit padma, lotus) is pronounced, but the compound word, zhabs pad is pronounced. The result is that the first is pronounced as an open syllable but retains the vowel typical of a closed syllable.
These sounds normally occur in closed syllables because Tibetan does not allow geminated consonants, there are cases in which one syllable ends with the same sound as the one following it. Three additional vowels are sometimes described as significantly distinct: or, which is normally an allophone of /a/, which is normally an allophone of /o/ and (an unrounded, centralised, mid front vowel), which is normally an allophone of /e/. Tournadre and Sangda Dorje describe eight vowels in the standard language: The following summarizes the sound system of the dialect of Tibetan spoken in Lhasa, the most influential variety of the spoken language. Certain names may also retain irregular transcriptions, such as Chomolungma for Mount Everest. Tibetan pinyin, however, is the official romanization system employed by the government of the People's Republic of China. Wylie transliteration is the most common system of romanization used by Western scholars in rendering written Tibetan using the Latin alphabet (such as employed on much of this page). It is also helpful in reconstructing Proto Sino-Tibetan and Old Chinese. Tibetan is written with an Indic script, with a historically conservative orthography that reflects Old Tibetan phonology and helps unify the Tibetan-language area. Main articles: Tibetan script and Tibetan braille Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan. In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot.
In the traditional "three-branched" classification of Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Lhasa Tibetan ( Tibetan: ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་, Wylie: Lha-sa'i skad, THL: Lhaséké, ZYPY: Lasägä), or Standard Tibetan, is the Tibetan dialect spoken by educated people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China. Without proper rendering support, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Tibetan characters.
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